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　　GUDAIBANGONGZHONGJUDESHEXIANGJIJINHANGAILETONGTONGDEHUANJINGCHANWU、DOUHUIJUCUOCUOSHI、JIATINGKONGJIAN、GONGGONGKONGJIANHECHANYECHANWU。YINWEIWENMINGYUKEJIDEQIANJIN，GUDAIBANGONGZHONGJUSHEXIANGDENEIZAISHIYONGWUJINTOUDE，BANGONGZHONGJUCONGMUQIQIJIANYANHUADAOJINSHUQIJIAN，SULIAOQIJIAN，SHENGTAIQIJIAN，CONGXIUJIANDAOHUANJING，CONGSHINEIDAOSHIWAI，CONGJIATINGDAODOUHUI，GUDAIBANGONGZHONGJUDESHEXIANGYUJIANZAODOUSHIWEILEZHIZURENMENDEBUSHIBIANGENGDEXUYAOGONGXIAO，DIZAOGENGKUAJIAO，GENGWENXIN、GENGANKANGDEHUKOU、RENWU、WENYUHEXIUXIANTILI。RENLEISHEHUIHEHUKOUTILIZAIBUSHIDEBIANGENG，XINDEBANGONGZHONGJUXINGZHUANGJIANGBUSHIFASHENG，BANGONGZHONGJUSHEXIANGDEDIZAOSHIJUBEIWUQIONGXINGMINGLIDE。

　　LINGHUILEGUDAIBANGONGZHONGJU，NIXIAODEGUDAIBANGONGZHONGJUBEINAXIETESEMA?

　　一、辦公眾具利用的遍及性

　　BANGONGZHONGJULIYONGDEBIANJIXINGZAIGUDAIBANGONGZHONGJUYIHUODELEPUBIANDELIYONG，ZAIGUDAISHEHUIZHONGBANGONGZHONGJUGENGSHIWUSUOBUZAI，WUCHUBUYOU。BANGONGZHONGJUYIQIGUAIYIDEGONGXIAOGUANCHUANYUGUDAIHUKOUDETONGTONGFANGMIAN：RENWU、JINXIU、JIANGSHOU、KEYAN、LAIWANG、YOULANHEWENYU、XIEXIDENGYISHIZHUXINGDEYOUGUANGOUDANGZHONG，BINGQIEGENZHUSHEHUIDECHENGCHANGHEMIXINSHOUYIDEQIANJIN，HEHUKOUTILIDEBIANGENG，BANGONGZHONGJUYECHUZAICHENGCHANGBIANGENGDANGZHONG。RUWOGUODINGXINKAIFANGYILAICHENGCHANGDEBINGUANBANGONGZHONGJU、MAOYIBANGONGZHONGJU、GUDAIBANGONGBANGONGZHONGJU，HEMINYONGBANGONGZHONGJUZHONGDEYINXIANGJU、JINSHIJU、JIUBA、CHUFANGBANGONGZHONGJU、ERTONGBANGONGZHONGJUDENG，CHUGESHIXINXIQIJIANDESOFOBANGONGBANGONGZHONGJU，GENGSHIGUDAIBANGONGZHONGJUCHENGCHANGLICHENGZHONGFASHENGDEXINMENLEI，TAMENYICHABIEDEGONGXIAOTESE，CHABIEDEWENMINGYUHUI，ZHIZULECHABIELIYONGQUNTIDECHABIEDEXINSIHEXINSIXUYAO。

　　二、辦公眾具的社會性

　　辦公眾具的范例、數目、功效、情勢、氣概和建造程度，和社會辦公眾具的據有環境，還反應了一個國度和地區在某一汗青期間的社會糊口體例，社會物資文明的程度和汗青文明特色。辦公眾具是某一國度或地區在某一汗青期間社會出產力成長程度的標記，是某種糊口體例的縮影，是某種文明形狀的閃現。因此辦公眾具凝集了豐碩而深入的社會性。

　　三、辦公眾具功效的兩重性

　　BANGONGZHONGJUBUZHISHIYIZHONGJIANLVEDEGONGXIAOWUZICHANWU，BINGQIESHIYIZHONGGUANGWEITIGAODEGONGGONGYISHU，TAJIYAOZHIZUMOUXIETEDINGDEJIANJIEYONGCHU，YOUYAOZHIZUGONGRENMENFUWAN，LINGRENZAIDAZHANGHELIYONGLICHENGZHONGFASHENGMOUZHONGSHENMEIKUAIGANHEJIFAFENGSHUOXIAXIANGDEJINGLIXUYAO。TAJIYAOCHUJIDAOZILIAO、GONGYI、ZHUANGBEI、HUAGONG、DIANQI、WUJIN、SULIAODENGSHOUYIFANCHOU，YOUYUSHEHUIXUE、XINGDONGXUE、MEIXUE、XINSIXUEDENGSHEHUIXUEKEHEWAIXINGYISHUSHIJIJINMIQINMIXIANGGAN。YISHISHUOBANGONGZHONGJUJISHIWUZICHANWU，YOUSHIYISHUCHUANGZUO，ZHEBIANSHIRENMENCHANGSHUODEBANGONGZHONGJULIANGZHONGXINGTESE。GUDAIBANGONGZHONGJUSHIBANGONGZHONGJUCHENGCHANGLICHENGDEBIAOJI，SHICHENGWEIDIZAOHEYINLINGRENLEIXINDEHUKOUYURENWUDEWUZIYONGJUHEWENMINGXINGZHUANG。